Archive for category Science

Ice Flowers

I was at a friend’s house last night and he was showing pictures he took that morning at first light in Rockwoods Reservation of ice formations that had formed on particular plant stems on north facing slopes. The formations were small, some looked like leaves, some looked like shells, and some looked like nothing else. We joked that they were little ice flowers; apparently he isn’t the only one to have spotted them:

Dr. James Carter
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D. Bruce Means
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The Missouri Conservation Department
The Weather Doctor

Pretty Cool

Physics and Heavenly Bodies

Speaking of good work if you can get it:

To best support breasts, a designer has to understand how they move. To that end, McGhee’s team in Australia, headed by biomechanist Julie Steele, tags women with light-emitting diodes and asks them to run on treadmills. (The women run with and without bras, so the laboratory doors are bolted to prevent uninvited people from bursting in.) Computer systems then track the breasts’ motions in three dimensions by following the moving lights. “We can actually work out exactly where they’re going, how they’re moving, and how this movement is affected by bras,” Steele says. Breasts move in a sinusoidal pattern, Steele has found, and they move a lot. Small breasts can move more than three inches vertically during a jog, and large breasts sometimes leave their bras entirely. “We have videos of women who, particularly if the cup is too low, spill all over the top,” Steele says.

Too bad Victoria’s Secret wasn’t hiring engineers back when I got out of college!

If you can get past the snicker factor, it really is an interesting article on the physics of bras, at least for me as it combines two of my favorite subjects.

But there is a more controversial part to the article

Evolutionary biologists aren’t sure why breasts evolved as they did – chimpanzees and other mammals develop them only when lactating – and no one knows what keeps them from sagging.

I’m sure the Intellegent Design people will be all over this to show female breasts prove that there really is a God. I’m waiting for the evolutionists to counter claim that women were once endowed with something even more delightful but they changed into breasts and that’s why it only appears as if there is no point to them from an evolutionary point of view.

How To Get Attention

I suppose these guys believe in Horoscopes too: Sleep researchers in England claim the position you sleep in reveals your personality. According to the researchers, I’m brash and gregarious. Yeah, right. I used to be quiet and reserved until the snoring (keeps the bears away!) got too bad. Did my personality change?

I thing somebody thought if they issued a silly press release that was sure to be picked up by the media they’d get more attention (and funding!). Of course, I have no experimental data to back up that assertion, but then neither do they.

Skin Embryonic Stem Cell Fusion

Good news on the stem cell front – a Harvard group claims that they can turn skin cells into embryonic stem cells without having to form an embryo first. Instead, they fuse a skin cell with an existing stem cell and the result is an embryonic stem cell with the DNA of the skin cell (and thus the person who provided the skin cell). But before you get your hopes up that Aunt Jenny is going to walk tomorrow, the cells aren’t exactly usable in humans because they are hybrids and the embryonic stem cell nucleus has to be removed before it can be used. So this is step on in a multi-step process. But at least it’s a journey I don’t object to.

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Celestial Gravity Surfing

Science News has a really neat article about the real minimum energy transfer between planets. No, not the Hohmann transfer orbits I learned about in Orbital Mechanics class, but a solution to the three body problem. It uses gravity to do most of the work, and so while it takes a lot longer to get somewhere, it’s eyepoppingly low energy – one mission only took 4% of total mass.

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Stem Cells

They’ve found another source of stem cells — hair follicles. Scientists have turned them into nerve, brain, skin, and muscle cells. I’m sure that with a little more time, the list will grow. Remind me again shy we have to have fetal stem cells to conquer disease when the adult body is rife with them?

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Public Health Wins Another

Some good news for a change:  the US has eliminated Rubella from our shores. I did my part years ago when the first vaccine came out and kids were vaccinated en mass with the new and thankfully no longer used vaccine gun. The day was grim: lined up at a local school with all the other kids from the area, hearing the worker at the start of the proceedure tell us that it would only sting a little while we could watch the kids getting their shots yell and cry from the pain, holding a bloody cotton ball to the their shoulders. That’s a day I won’t soon forget, but it was worth it.

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Truth is Stranger than Fiction

Science marches on. We report, you deride.

Researches can tell from a single sample of saliva how many cavities a kid is going to get by the age of 30. They can even tell which teeth are at most risk. Apparently, it’s all in the sugar chains. Now I’ll be able to emphasize to my son if he should be brushing his teeth to avoid the drill or the cold shoulder.

Here’s new meaning to giving someone the finger, but apparently you can tell something from the length of a man’s finger

A man’s index finger length relative to ring finger length can predict how inclined that man is to be physically aggressive. Women do not show a similar effect. A psychologist at the University of Alberta, Hurd said that it has been known for more than a century that the length of the index finger relative to the ring finger differs between men and women. More recently, researchers have found a direct correlation between finger lengths and the amount of testosterone that a fetus is exposed to in the womb. The shorter the index finger relative to the ring finger, the higher the amount of prenatal testosterone, and – as Hurd and Bailey have now shown – the more likely he will be physically aggressive throughout his life. 

“More than anything, I think the findings reinforce and underline that a large part of our personalities and our traits are determined while we’re still in the womb,” said Hurd. 

Hmm, I bet Larry Summers was happy to hear this, along with everybody in the criminal justice system. Cops will be using it to profile, and defense attorneys will be using it to blame a man’s mother for his violent ways. Shaking hands will take on a whole new meaning. Or not.

At last scientists are studying something useful — does the order you appear effect how you’re judged during a competition. And the answer is:  Go last if you want to be first. A researcher studied European ice skating competitions and the Eurovison song contest. I guess she was too busy in the lab to hear that ice skating is fixed. 

The search for life in the Universe may be on going, but Astronomers now have good evidence that carbonated beverages exist out there with their discovery of a “burper”. I hope they don’t discover evidence of Mexican food in outer space. What’s a burper? A source of intense bursts of radio waves that isn’t a quaser. I guess I should be happy they don’t name celestial objects after TVs anymore.

In another break through, researchers have discovered that people immersed in a virtual world don’t notice pain. The virtual world the researches used was a game played wearing a special headset with two small computer screens and a special sensor, which allows the player to interact with the game and feel a part of its almost dreamlike world. Sounds to me like some researches wanted somebody else to pay for their video game habit. I know people that when immersed in a video game don’t notice time, the urge to pee, or even how badly they smell. I can see big pharma getting rid of Vioxx and instead making high end video games. I’d like to develop that ad campaign: Video games – good for what ailes you.

Astronomers didn’t take time off to celebrate their discovery of burpers, and also managed to discover the smallest star yet.

And a team of Astronomers in Cambridge, worried about being left out of all the discoveries, announced they discovered an invisible galaxy. Yeah, sure you did. OK, they really did, and this is important, because it’s this giant dark galaxy made out of something so exotic that instead of getting silly and calling it noseum or no-frickin’-clue or bandersnatch they call it dark matter.

Summers Heat

In case you live in a cave, Harvard’s president Larry Summers is in hot water for floating the possibility that there are more men who are innately outstanding in the sciences than women. This runs headlong into the academic consensus that the only difference between men and women is that women are more caring and nurturing than their male counterparts who would destroy the world if left to their own devices. OK, maybe the real academic consensus is that there aren’t any differences between men and women that the obvious physical ones and any observed differences are due to societal conditioning. 

I commented about my own experiences on women in college level physics (there weren’t any when I got my degree) on an interesting post at Tom Maguire’s. I’m happy to note that women now account for almost 25% of the bachelor’s degrees in physics. As to why women are under 50%, I have to offer my succinct answer: I don’t know. It could be that more men are innately talented in that field than women, just as I wouldn’t be surprised if women weren’t better in some other field of intellectual endeavor. I don’t think you can just rule it out because you don’t like it. Another alternative, one you probably won’t hear from a university president, is that the level of teaching at the undergraduate level in math and science is generally wretched (that was my experience) and women are more likely to go into an area of study with better instruction. Again, the accuracy of the hypothesis can’t be proven without proper experimentation. At least, that’s something they did teach me in those physics classes back in college.

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Pictures from Another Planet

I know Titan is technically a moon, but I still consider that the Huygens Probe landed on another planet and sent back images that to my untrained eye look a lot like Mars, only with more atmosphere. 

The probe’s mission was another fine scientific joint venture between the USA and Europe. Back when I was a rocket scientist, I worked on the launches of IRAS, which was another spectacular joint venture, and on EXOSAT, which was all European except for the launch, which was switched to Delta (which is what I worked on) from Ariane at the last minute because of an Ariane launch failure. I had a great time working with the Europeans on EXOSAT, and it just goes to show that in those endevors where Europe can pull its own weight (or more!) they make fine partners.

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